中六中國語文及文化科

《與青年談中國文化》   唐君毅

 

問題深究:

 

()  中國之人文精神

         1.        「人性醜惡」是經常聽到的說法;「人面獸心」的人,不分中外,無世無之;為什麼中國歷代的哲人,還是對人這麼看重?對人性這麼肯定?

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         2.     宋末名臣文天祥兵敗被俘,為蒙古兵押送至燕京,囚禁了三年,始終不肯投降,最後被殺。據說其後在他的衣帶上發現了這樣的字句:「孔曰成仁,孟曰取義,所以仁至。讀聖賢書,所學何事?而今而後,庶幾無愧!」

                究竟文天祥的想法,與中國文化精神有什麼關係?是否可作為唐先生所說「人亦可以為了正義而寧死不屈」的例子看待呢?試說出你的看法。

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         3.     儒家文化崇尚「仁愛」,對山川草木都具深情,然而,人類為了開發經濟,大肆破壞生態環境,我們應當如何反思自己的這種行為呢?

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()  倫理道德與尚學術文化之自由及重世界和平之精神

         4.     儒家因為「慎終追遠」、敬祖先,以至敬死者之故,十分重視喪葬,致使內地許多城市被佔來經營墳場的土地越來越多,不少農村更因土葬成風,令到耕地越縮越小。站在現代人的立場,應當如何反思和處置這些問題呢?

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         5.     古人說:「同道為朋」,「道不同,不相為謀」;但又說:「君子和而不同」,唐先生更指出:「朋友切磋,可以培植寬容異己的精神」。這期間,有沒有矛盾?為什麼?

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        6.     夫婦一倫是否不再適用於香港社會?

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()  中國文藝精神

         7.     作者認為「中國醫學之卓越成就」,「不破壞形体之組織,而將病治好」,是依於道德與藝術的感情。你同意嗎?為什麼?

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()  中國宗教精神與其哲學

        8.     試析述中國人因不熱衷宗教崇拜而產生的正面及負面影響。

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        9.     中國哲學以討論人生問題居多抑或宇宙問題居多?原因在哪裡?

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中六中國語文及文化科

《與青年談中國文化》   唐君毅

 

預習:

1.        將課文閱讀一遍,理解其內容要點。

2.        掌握概念:

       重人精神       孝悌為仁之本       和會三教       尚中和       天人合德

       人禽之辨       慎終追遠       五教同源       禮以教中       人德齊天

       仁義禮智       民胞物與       百家爭鳴       樂以教和       人文化成

       三才       五倫       罷黜百家       溫柔敦厚

       和而不同       會通全盡

 

3.        參攷內容表解及注釋,解答下列問題:

 

a.      中國古代所謂「人禽之辨」的界限何在?中西先哲在「人禽之辨」問題上的眼點有何不同?

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b.     為什麼儒家會以「孝悌為仁之本」?

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c.      為什麼作者認為中國文化具有「尚學術文化之自由」及「重世界和平」之精神?

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d.     作者認為中國文藝表現之主要精神為何?試簡述其理據。

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中六中國語文及文化科

《與青年談中國文化》   唐君毅

 

內容討論:

(一)中國之人文精神

1.     中國文化精神最根本的特點是什麼?

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2.     依唐氏文中所述,人禽有何分別?

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3.     仁、義、禮、智四端對人文世界有何作用?

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4.     四善端之擴充,對人倫世界又有何巨大意義?

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(二)倫理道德與尚學術文化之自由及重世界和平之精神

5.     中國先哲何以以孝悌為仁之本?

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6.     孝、悌之道之擴充,何以是「仁之最高表現」?

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7.     五倫中朋友一倫有何重要? 朋友相處之道重在什麼? 若將朋友師生之倫擴大,對民族文化有何影響?

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8.     唐君毅先生怎樣論證中國學術文化有自由之精神?

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9.     又何處可見中國人重和平之精神?

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(三) 中國文藝精神

10. 中國文藝精神有何特色?對中國文化有何影響?

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(四) 中國宗教精神與其哲學

11. 為何作者認為儒家是一宗教或包含一宗教?

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12. 試述中國宗教思想之特色。

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13. 中國哲學有何特色?

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